The first draft of the Pancasila philosophy was formulated by
Sukarno on 1 June 1945.
[9]
Sukarno always stated that Pancasila was a philosophy of Indonesian
(indigenous) origin, which he developed being inspired by philosophical
traditions in Indonesian history, including indigenous philosophical
traditions, Indian-Hindu, Western-Christian, and Arab-Islamic
traditions. 'Ketuhanan', to him, was originally indigenous, while
'Kemanusiaan' was inspired by the Hindu concept of
Tat Twam Asi, the Islamic concept of
fardhukifayah, and the Christian concept of
Hebt Uw naasten lief gelijk U zelve, God boven alles. Sukarno further explained that 'Keadilan sosial' (social justice) was inspired by the Javanese concept of
Ratu Adil (the Just Leader), a messianic Javanese ruler who would set the people free from all kinds of oppression.
In 1945, facing the need to pull together the diverse archipelago,
the future President Sukarno promulgated Pancasila as "Dasar Negara"
(philosophical foundation/political philosophy of Indonesian state).
Sukarno's political philosophy was mainly a combination of elements of
socialism, nationalism and monotheism. This is reflected in a
proposition of his version of Pancasila he proposed to the
Investigating Committee for the Preparation for Independence, in which he originally espoused them in a speech known as "The Birth of the Pancasila" on June 1, 1945:
- Kebangsaan Indonesia (Indonesian Nationality), an emphasis on nationalism
- Internasionalisme (Internationalism), an emphasis about justice and humanity
- Musyawarah Mufakat (Deliberative Consensus), an emphasis on
representative democracy which hold no ethnic dominance but equal vote
for each member of the council
- Kesejahteraan Sosial (Social Welfare), influenced by Welfare-state idea, an emphasis on populist socialism
- KeTuhanan yang Berkebudayaan, monotheism and religiousity
After several BPUPKI meetings, the five principles (sila) proposed by
Sukarno in 1 June 1945, were rearranged for the Jakarta Charter and the
Preamble of the Indonesian Constitution (Saafrudin Bahar et al.,1995
and Kusuma, 2004). The fifth sila concerning religiousity was promoted
to become the first sila. The previously first sila about nationalism
become the third sila. The third sila (unity) of Sukarno become the
fourth sila. Internationalism, justice and humanity remain as parts of
the second sila. The original third and fourth sila about democracy and
social welfare become the fourth and fifth sila. Sukarno thus helped
solve the conflict between Muslims, nationalists and Christians. The
1945 Constitution then set forth the Pancasila as the embodiment of
basic principles of an independent Indonesian state.
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